Cows can be categorized into different types based on their primary purpose origin and traits Here's a breakdown of the main types of cows of cow breeds worldwide each developed for specific purposes like milk production to the cows

KANGAYAM CATTLE

      Kangayam is an indigenous breed of draught cattle from Tamil Nadu, India. It is well known for its strength, endurance, and adaptability to dry climates. Origin Kangeyam region, Tiruppur district, Tamil Nadu, India. Purpose Primarily used for draught work (plowing, cart pulling); also valued for conservation and breeding. Color Usually grey to white, darker in males especially neck and hump. Horns Strong, upward and backward curving. Build Medium-sized, muscular, compact body with a short, strong neck. Hardy and disease-resistant, Performs well in hot, dry environments. Requires low maintenance and feed. Known for its docility and stamina in the field. Low milk yield since it's not a dairy breed. Milk is mainly used for household consumption. Considered a heritage breed in Tamil Nadu. Often seen in traditional cattle shows and used in bullock cart races. Before Independence of India, the erstwhile Government of Madras took steps to popularise this breed. In 1942, ‘Kangayam Cattle Improvement Scheme’ was implemented by Imperial Council for Agricultural Research. After Independence, with the help of Five Year Plans, the breeding and adjoining tracts of Kangayams were improved. In 1940s, the population of the breed was around 3400 000, reduced to 479000 in 1979 and 242 000 in 2003. In 2022 a total population of between 127500 and 152500 head was reported to DAD - AS. Kangayam cattle are valued for their moderate size, robust nature, and impressive athleticism, making them highly sought-after as draft animals. The breed's cows are generally not known for their milk production capabilities, but for other purposes. With a thick and short neck, a short and broad back, and well-sprung ribs, the Kangayam breed displays a compact body structure. The quarters have a subtle droop, while the dewlap extends only up to the sternum, remaining thin. The sheath is neatly tucked against the body, and although the hump in bulls is well-developed, it retains a firm appearance. The breed's hair is fine and short, and the skin possesses a dark pigmentation and a delicate texture. A moderately long tail, featuring a black switch that extends well below the hocks, completes the breed's physical traits. The two variations of this breed exhibit remarkable strength and agility, boasting compact bodies and sturdy, short legs with robust hooves. In the smaller variety, the horns are positioned relatively straight, with a slight backward curve. Conversely, the larger variety showcases longer horns that curve outward and backward, nearly forming a complete circle as they approach the tips. The breed's head is proportionate to its body, featuring a modest size and a straighter profile compared to most Mysore-type cattle. Kangayam cattle primarily exhibit gray or white coloration. Male individuals typically display a gray hue with black or dark gray patches on the head, neck, hump, and quarters. On the other hand, cows predominantly possess white and gray coats, often adorned with distinct markings on the knees and above the fetlocks of all four legs. Calves exhibit shades of light or dark brown, with gray or white areas on the inner thighs, ears, and forelegs. Occasionally, gray or white rings can be observed on the pasterns and fetlocks. As heifers reach two years of age, they transition to a gray or dark gray color, which persists into maturity. However, as the animals age beyond maturity, their color fades, eventually turning white. Male calves gradually become dark gray or iron gray, with intensified black shading on the head, neck, hump, dewlap, forequarters, and hindquarters. Castrated males, however, exhibit a gradual fading of this coloration. Being an excellent draught breed, this breed cows and bulls are widely used to operate Yetram, a manual method in which a scoop-like pouch, made of leather or rubber, was used to lift and pour the water from the wells. The animals moves front and back to lift water from the well using the pouch that hangs on a rope. Would you like an illustration, comparison with other draught breeds.

RED SINDHI

     Red Sindhi is a well-known indigenous dairy cattle breed from Sindh province now in Pakistan, widely raised in India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and several tropical countries. Origin Sindh region now in Pakistan. Purpose Primarily milk production, Color Reddish-brown may range from dark red to lighter shades, Horns Short, curved outward and upward, Build Medium-sized, deep-bodied, with drooping ears. Average yield 1,700–2,500 liters/lactation, Fat content 4–5%, making the milk rich and creamy, Known for good milk yield even in hot and humid climates. Highly heat-tolerant and adaptable to tropical climates, Disease-resistant, especially against tropical diseases. Suitable for crossbreeding to improve milk production in tropical countries, Can survive on low-quality roughage. Widely reared in India especially South India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and some parts of Africa and South America. Commonly crossed with exotic breeds like Jersey to combine milk yield with heat resistance. It is widely kept in Pakistan, and distributed to India and Bangladesh. Other names include Las Bela, Malir and Sindhi. Figures reported for milk production vary from 1188 to 1675 kg in a lactation of 270 days, or some 4.5–6 kg per day. They have been used for crossbreeding with temperate (European) origin dairy breeds in many countries to combine their tropical adaptations (heat tolerance, tick resistance, disease resistance, fertility at higher temperatures, etc.) with the higher milk production found in temperate regions. It has been crossed with jerseys in many places, including India, the United States, Australia, Sri Lanka, etc. The Red Sindhi range in colour from a deep reddish brown to a yellowish red, but most commonly a deep red. It has also been used to improve beef and dual purpose cattle in many tropical countries, as it is sufficiently meaty to produce good beef calves in such crosses and the high milk production helps give a fast-growing calf which is ready for market at one year. It is somewhat smaller than the very similar Sahiwal and produces a little less milk per animal as a result. This has caused it to lose favour with some commercial dairies in India and Pakistan, which have been phasing out their Red Sindhi herds by breeding to Sahiwal bulls for a few generations. The resulting cows, which are three-quarters Sahiwal and one-quarter Red Sindhi, can not be distinguished from pure Sahiwal cattle. The Sindhi Kundhi is a breed of buffalo of Sindhi, Pakistan.The Sindhi Kundhi is considered one of the best dairy buffalo breeds in the world. It is the main source of milk production in Sindh province of Pakistan. Kundhi cows mature at 30 months for males and 36 months for females. Adult males weigh 500-600 kg, and females 300-400 kg. Average yields of kundi is 4.5 litres. Would you like a comparison between Red Sindhi. 

KHILLARI CATTLE

       Khillari is a hardy and well-built indigenous draught cattle breed primarily found in the Maharashtra and Karnataka regions of India. Known for its speed, stamina, and resilience, Khillari cattle are traditionally used for agricultural work like plowing and cart-pulling, especially in hilly and dry areas. The breed is medium-sized with a compact body, and its color varies from greyish-white to dark grey, depending on the strain. Khillari bulls are highly prized for their strength and endurance, making them ideal for heavy draught work. Despite their limited milk production, Khillari cattle are valued for their low maintenance needs, disease resistance, and adaptability to harsh climates, making them an important asset to rural farming communities. The Khillari breed includes several varieties. It possibly owes its origin to the Hallikar breed of cattle from Mysore State. The name comes from "Khillar" meaning a herd of cattle, and Khillari meaning the herdsman. The Khillari is between 4½ and 5½ feet tall and weighs between 350 and 450 kg. The typical specimen is compact and tight skinned, with clean cut features and squarely developed hindquarters. The appearance is compact with stout strong limbs. The pelvis is slightly higher than the shoulders. The Khillaris of the Deccan plateau, the Mhaswad and the Atpadi Mahal types are greyish white in colour. The males have deeper colour over the forequarters and hindquarters, with peculiar grey and white mottling on the face. The Tapti Khillari is white with reddish nose and hooves. The Nakali Khillari is grey with tawny or brickdust color over the forequarters. Newly born calves have rust red coloured polls, but this disappears within months. Khillaris have a long narrow head with long horns sweeping back and then upward in a distinctive bow, and tapering to a fine point. The ears, coloured yellow inside are small, pointed and held sideways. The legs are round and straight with black hooves. The coat is fine, short and glossy. Four principal types of Khillaris are prevalent in Maharashtra State. Hanam Khillar (sometimes Atpadi Mahal, Sangli), is prevalent in southern Maharashtra .In Kolhapur and Satara and adjoining areas. Mhaswad Khillari live mostly in Man & Khatav talukas of Satara District. In the area of the Satpura range of hills comprising the West Khandesh district Tapi Khillari or Thillari predominate. Nakali Khillari is of more recent origin. Nakali means "imitation". It is found in adjacent areas of these regions. In southern Maharashtra and Solapur, Sangli and Satara districts, Khillaris are bred by cultivators. In these regions the size of the herd is small, usually one or two cows. In the Satpura ranges the Khillaris are bred by professional breeders known as Thillaris. These breeders produce bulls and bullocks. Khillaris are classified as "medium fast draft". Breeding is carried out by the Government of Mahararashtra at Hingoli, Jath and Junoni and by the Government of Karnataka at Bankapur. Let me about the cow breed Khillari Cattle.

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